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相较于7月FOMC会议声明及鲍威尔新闻发布会,2023年8月16日公布的7月FOMC会议纪要释放出了更多关于经济活动,特别是通胀的讨论。会议纪要整体基调偏鹰,本次会议纪要关于通胀的讨论占据了较大篇幅,且多数与会者认为通胀上行风险较大,或需要进一步的紧缩。(mostparticipantscontinuedtoseesignificantupsideriskstoinflation,whichcouldrequirefurthertighteningofmonetarypolicy.Moreover,theadditionalmonetarypolicytighteningthatwouldbenecessitatedbyhigherormorepersistentinflation.)但美联储后续对加息的态度或更趋谨慎,一些与会者提示紧缩的滞后性影响可能超预期,且强调平衡过度紧缩与紧缩不足的风险。(…themacroeconomiceffectsofthetighteninginfinancialconditionssincethebeginningoflastyearcouldprovemoresubstantialthananticipated…withthestanceofmonetarypolicyinrestrictiveterritory,riskstotheachievementoftheCommittee’sgoalshadbecomemoretwosided,anditwasimportantthattheCommittee’sdecisionsbalancetheriskofaninadvertentovertighteningofpolicyagainstthecostofaninsufficienttightening.)
7月FOMC会议纪要要点概述
短期通胀及就业市场韧性使得年内加息预期仍存
通胀存在上行风险
委员会对于通胀整体判断:尽管出现了放缓迹象,但是仍处于高位,且需要看到更多通胀继续放缓证据。(Consumerpriceinflationcontinuedtoshowsignsofeasingbutremainedelevated.Participantsnotedtherecentreductionintotalandcoreinflationrates.However,theystressedthatinflationremainedunacceptablyhighandthatfurtherevidencewouldberequiredforthemtobeconfidentthatinflationwasclearlyonapathtowardtheCommittee’s2percentobjective)
通胀的韧性可能超过预期,且供给端冲击也有可能导致通胀再度上行。(Riskstothestaff’sbaselineinflationforecastwereseenasskewedtotheupside,giventhepossibilitythatinflationdynamicswouldprovetobemorepersistentthanexpectedorthatfurtheradverseshockstosupplyconditionsmightoccur)我们在《从周期与结构角度重新拆解美国通胀》中指出,美国通胀受周期和结构因素双重影响,在未来整体将继续放缓,但房租和能源项目在供应端结构性因素的影响下仍具韧性。而美国7月CPI数据也反映了我们的判断,能源价格反弹或推动CPI能源分项环比继续走高;住房通胀虽存在滞后性,但回落进展不及预期,以及剔除住房的核心服务通胀仍显韧性,薪资上涨压力或增强其粘性。
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